Diabetes
Diabetes refers a chronic disease that
happens when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or when the body
cannot produces enough insulin. Insulin means one kind of hormone which
regulates the blood sugar. Higher level blood sugar (Hyperglycaemia) is a very
common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time which causes serious
effects to nerves and blood vessels as well as to the body system. It affects blood sugar which is known as
glucose. Glucose is a source of energy for the development of muscles and
tissues and brain.
Types of Diabetes:
There are 3 main types
of diabetes in the world.
Type 1 diabetes is
also known as insulin-dependent. It refers when human body cannot produces
any insulin or produces very little which causes the blood glucose level is not
in control. It can
develop at any age, but mainly occurs in children and adolescents. Most important
thing is that the reason and the preventive measure are still unknown. To control blood
glucose level, it requires daily insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is
also known as non-insulin-dependent or common diabetes. It refers when the body
cannot make effective use of the insulin that it produces. It is found around
90% of all diabetes cases. It occurs mainly obesity or excess body weight and
physical inactivity. Doing regular physical activity and maintaining diet are
the treatment for this diabetes. Also to control blood glucose
level, oral drugs and/or
insulin can be taken.
Gestational diabetes
is a type of diabetes which refers to high blood glucose level during pregnancy.
This kind of diabetes increase the risk at delivery. When this kind of diabetes
is found, there is a possibility of type 2 diabetes in the future for the women
and children. Though it disappears after pregnancy period but there is still a
risk of type 2 diabetes in future.
Symptoms
- Frequently excretion of urine.
- More thirsty.
- Weight losing.
- Blurry vision or vision changes.
- Getting more tired.
- Getting more hungry.
- Erectile dysfunction (for man).
- Urinary tract infections, yeast infections, itchy skin etc. (for woman).
Causes of diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
- The causes are
still unknown.
- Weak immune system can be the cause for this type of diabetes.
- Genetically it can be transferred.
- Overweight or obese.
- Carrying extra weight.
- Age more than 45
- Physically inactive
- Having high blood pressure.
- Taking high cholesterol
- high blood sugar during pregnancy.
- Overweight woman.
Treatment of diabetes
- Taking insulin.
- Keeping blood pressure control
- Eating hygiene food.
- Making diet.
- Doing regular exercise.
There are four types of insulin which are most commonly used for diabetes. They’re differentiated by their duration activity:
Insulin |
Starts to work |
Working duration |
Rapid-acting
insulin |
within
15 minutes |
3
to 4 hours |
Short-acting
insulin |
within
30 minutes |
6
to 8 hours |
Intermediate-acting
insulin |
within
1 to 2 hours |
12
to 18 hours |
Long-acting
insulin |
within
a few hours |
24
hours or longer |